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When the Centre of the Visual Field Disappears: Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration is one of the most serious eye diseases, affecting hundreds of thousands of people in the Czech Republic. Thanks to modern diagnostic and treatment methods, however, it is possible to stop or significantly slow down vision loss. Experts emphasize the importance of early detection and regular testing.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects the central part of the retina known as the macula, which is responsible for sharp central vision. Damage to this area can lead to permanent loss of sight. The disease occurs in two forms—dry and wet. While the dry form progresses slowly, the wet form can severely damage vision within weeks or even days.

Symptoms not to be ignored:

• Blurred vision
• Distorted images
• Wavy or bent lines and letters
• Greyish areas in central vision
• Difficulty recognising fine details

“From the early stages of this disease, patients lose the ability to read, recognise familiar faces, and perceive colours and shapes correctly. The risk of losing central visual acuity is very high, and time plays a crucial role. The sooner macular degeneration is detected and treatment is initiated, the higher the chances of preserving functional vision and quality of life,” says Lucie Frantlová, MD, Head Physician of the Retinal and Injection Centre at Eye Centre Prague.

The most effective treatment for the wet form of AMD is biological therapy using so-called anti-VEGF agents. This involves intravitreal injections administered near the eye, which prevent the formation of abnormal blood vessels and reduce swelling and bleeding. The therapy is highly targeted and can halt disease progression and stabilise the condition. “The new generation of medication offers improved efficacy and a longer-lasting effect, reducing the frequency of injections and easing the burden on patients,” adds Dr Frantlová.

Preventing macular degeneration can be supported by a healthy lifestyle, a diet rich in antioxidants, and the use of nutritional supplements containing lutein. Regular eye check-ups are absolutely essential, especially for individuals over the age of 50. A simple home test known as the Amsler grid can also help detect the disease in just one minute. 

Early diagnosis is key to stopping or slowing the progression of the disease.

Diagnostics include:

• OCT angiography – a special retinal scan that can detect changes even before symptoms appear
• Amsler grid – a simple home test that helps identify the first signs of visual distortion

Macular degeneration is a serious disease that can lead to vision loss. However, early diagnosis and modern treatment options can help patients maintain visual acuity and a good quality of life. That’s why it is vital not to ignore the first signs and to undergo regular eye examinations.